Past, Present, and Future Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Past, Present, and Future Paper - Essay Example When all is said in done, my significant thought process behind learning of this specific course of medication misuse was to build up my profession as an authorized substance misuse advocate and to serve network to advance sound living propensities among the individuals. I feel that learning is critical and must be proceeded so as to keep our expertise sharp and teach innovativeness and development in ourselves. Before including in pressing together course in substance misuse, my expert abilities seeing different aptitudes, for example, composed and oral correspondence, critical thinking, and collaboration with different individuals were moderate. Outstandingly, I had moderate relational abilities both in composed just as oral structures. In my expert life I used to include in assessing specialized information and apply my sensible and logical issue abilities in settling business related issues. Simultaneously, I appreciated taking difficulties, I accepted that difficulties experienced in life test our degree of competency as well as sets me up to manage difficulties that may exude in later life. In addition, I had reasonable competency concerning the data recovery and use, I frequently used to peruse of books and diaries on assorted subjects that had offered me with important information in regards to data recovery and use. I solidly accept that objective setting is a critical piece of my p rofession just as faculty improvement arranging. Considering my qualities and shortcomings my profession objective is to turn into a permit substance misuse instructor with the goal that I can enable the medication to manhandle casualties and their family beats their sufferings. I generally saw medicate maltreatment as one of the serious issues looked by the social orders over the world. Along these lines, it made me spurred to settle on the course and create profession that would profit me as well as the network. At the point when I was working with a non-benefit wellbeing

After the First Death essays

After the First Death expositions After the principal passing is a thrill ride. Energy assumes a major job in it. The conduct of some chief figures altogether emerges from energy. What's more, honest people become casualties of it. The story starts with a kid, who continued saying he has a passage in his chest. The kid named Ben is the child of a general and that is the reason he in the end winds up on the extension and there a projectile caused that burrow in his chest. Everything occurred on an old railroad connect. Four robbers, fear based oppressors, caught a transport loaded with kids under the age six. The criminals were Artkin, who assumed responsibility on this activity, he discovered Miro and his sibling Aniel in a refugeecamp, Miro a sixteen-year-old kid (was he?), who had never known his folks and later likewise lost his sibling, who kicked the bucket before carrying out his responsibility and two other men called Antibbe and Stroll. Artkin and Miro audited the arrangement once and for all. They had watched the transport course for quite a long time. Miros task was to murder the driver, his first slaughter. Be that as it may, when the transport showed up the driver wasnt a man as expected to be nevertheless a young lady. The young lady was Kate, the niece of the busdriver. When Artkin chooses to let the young lady live for some time, since she could be helpful, Miro was baffled since he needed his first passing to be great, so as they arranged it to be and now the primary thing turned out badly as of now. Artkin tranquilized the kids with medicated chocolate so they would be sleeping. Be that as it may, one kid was most likely adversely affected by the medication and passed on. Obviously this wasnt arranged yet Artkin utilized it as a notice to the world. At that point he went to the van where Antibbe and Stroll were moreover. He had Miro provided the request to look out for the kids and Kate and win her certainty. In the discussions that Kate and Miro have, Miro advises about himself to win her certainty and Kate attempts to be overall quite kind to convince him not to murder her. Kate likewise have discussions with herself, Am I acti ... <!

SAT Test Outline

While the old SAT had what felt like a million different little sections, the new SAT is divided into fewer, bigger, chunks. The new SAT order is easy to memorize, and knowing exactly when to expect each subject will go a long way in confidence. You’ll be getting real cozy with the SAT for an entire Saturday morning, so you should probably know what you’re getting yourself into, right? You’ll start with Verbal before moving on to the Math sections, with the optional Essay at the very end. Within the Verbal test, you’ll take Reading first, then Writing Language. On the Math test, you’ll do two sections, one with and one without a calculator. The Reading section is the single longest part of the test you have to sit through. Though the total testing time for Math is longer, Math is broken up into two sections (more on that later), so you’ll be able to rest and recharge for a few minutes. Because these main sections of the SAT are always in the same order, you can walk into the test with total confidence! Section 1: Reading 52 questions 65 minutes 5 reading passages The Reading section is a bit of a marathon, with 5 back-to-back passages. But, when you break it down, you get 13 minutes per passage + question set, with about 10 questions per passage. You can expect a passage with a literary theme, as well as a great global conversation or founding documents passage. And yes, even though this is the verbal section, youll still deal with some science. One of the science passages will actually include two different excerpts that are paired together with one set of questions. The other science passage will include some sort of chart or graph. Section 2: Writing Language 44 questions 35 minutes 4 passages The Writing Language test breaks down to 11 questions in 8.75 minutes per passage. Of course, that might sound a little tricky if youre timing yourself, but some passages might take you more or less time. And thats okay! On the Writing Language section of the exam, one or two of the passages will include a chart or table of some kind. You can expect to see passages about topics in humanities (think: art, culture), social studies (think: geography, history), and science (think: essay explanations of biology, chemistry). Section 3: Math, No Calculator 20 questions 25 minutes 15 multiple choice 5 grid-in This section is the new kid on the SAT block. The old SAT included some questions that didn’t require a calculator, but the new SAT is taking the mental math commitment to a whole new level. This section can seem more challenging, since you won’t have a trusty calculator by your side, but all of these problems can be done without the aid of a calculator. Section 4: Math, Calculator 38 questions 55 minutes 30 multiple choice 8 grid-in Remember that your calculator is a tool to help you solve some problems. But, you don’t actually need a calculator to solve every single question on this section. Most, but not all, you will need your calculator in order to solve. On both math sections, you can expect to see questions on geometry, statistics and data analysis, some trigonometry, and a lot of algebra. Youll deal with charts and graphs, too. Optional Essay 1 prompt 50 minutes The essay will always have the same basic prompt: â€Å"Write an essay analyzing how the author of a given passage has made his or her argument.† However, the passage will change. You can expect to see passages that are deep enough to stand up to analysis, and since the focus is on analysis, you want to dig deep. The old SAT only provided 25 minutes. The new SAT provides double the time, and you should definitely take advantage of that extra time! So that’s it! With only 4-5 passages, the new SAT structure is easy-peasy. Now that you’re armed with that knowledge, you can know exactly what’s coming as you move through test day. Good luck!

Gender Socialization Social Expectations And Attitudes...

Every day we come across advertisements, many of them revolve around gender and gender socialization. Gender socialization is â€Å"the process of learning the social expectations and attitudes associated with one’s gender† (Chegg). Our book discusses gender socialization regarding the expectations for masculinity and femininity (Wood 2015). Most companies use these expectations to create their advertisements, but some companies contradict the expectations to create a different vision for gender advertisements. The gendered advertisement campaign that I’m going to analyze focuses on putting a stop to littering. The advertisement consists of pictures of both a man and woman and is designed where the company is comparing what a man would say versus what a woman would say about littering. Key adjectives were expressed in both the man’s and woman’s message to show the gendered differences. On the side of the advertisement with the man, it says, Bin your litter, it s the smart thing to do.† Whereas the side of the advertisement with the woman says, â€Å"Bin your litter, it’s a pretty quick thing to do.† The adjectives smart and pretty bring out the gendered differences in this advertisement campaign. I believe that the adjective â€Å"smart† was placed on the side of the advertisement with the guy because they are considered to be smarter because of their gender. The adjective â€Å"pretty† was placed on the other side of the advertisement with the woman because women are held to that standardShow MoreRelatedThe Study Of Body Image1572 Words   |  7 PagesThe study of body image is a broad topic that touches many subjects including gender. However, the study of body image has been focused mainly on females. This is because the physical shape and image of male bodies have not changed over the history. From the ancient Greek until the modern era, the masculinity is the predominant stereotype for m en. Masculine traits include courage, independence and assertiveness (Judith, 2001; Murray, 2000). In contrast to the male body, the female figures have beenRead MoreThe Male Sex Is Portrayed As More Valuable Than Female Sex1431 Words   |  6 Pagesfemales which make them more superior. However, many feminists argue that women are superior to men but they never had enough time to prove it. The physical and psychological differences between the two sexes formed two different social roles. However, gender socialization and stereotypes prevented American women from being able to prove of being equal to men if not better. It was natural that masculine power and domination established itself in these new forms of society. Men are physically and psychologicallyRead MoreFacts About Eating Disorders And Gender Socialization846 Words   |  4 PagesFacts About Eating Disorders †¢ What is socialization? Socialization is a process in which we learn and internalize attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms of our culture and develop a sense of self. †¢ Gender Roles Gender Roles are complex clusters of ways males and females are expected to behave †¢ Gender roles Socialization Gender socialization is a process of learning social expectations and attitudes associated with one s sex. Gender socialization is explained with why human males and femalesRead MoreBiological Sex, Gender, And Gender Roles901 Words   |  4 PagesFrom the moment that the parent learns the biological sex of the baby, even as early as the ultrasound, they begin the first step of making many steps towards the long journey of the child’s socialization.   Even as they consider what the child should be named, they decide whether it is a boy or a girl name and then they proceed with decisions such as what color the room should be painted in association with the biological sex of the child. Will the child be dressed in frilly pink dresses or in blueRead MoreSexual, Gender, And Gender964 Words   |  4 Pagesidentity male or female while gender refers to social expectation and behaviors assigned to each sex, but not everyone conform this expectation we can say that gender is based on self-concept and the way we interact with others this is formed through social life(family ,friends , religion , media†¦)where a lot of behaviors are shaped through what is socially accepted and what is not which for example even though many people are not naturally born into these gender expectation there is a strong set ofRead MoreGender, Race, And Ethnicity And Power Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pagesdiverse society, individuals may have different life experiences to one another. While some individuals have positive viewpoints in the society, others may differ in an negative aspect. In this socio-autobiography, I argue that the society is an nightmare as humans develop a whole range of complex sociological concepts. The following paragraphs will explain the struggle of my life experiences being influenced by using the concepts of gender, race and ethnicity and power. My journey began the momentRead MoreThe Social Premises Causing Gender Gap Within Maths And Science Involvement1329 Words   |  6 Pagesand computer science programs. (Gender differences in science, technology, engineering, mathematics and computer science (STEM) programs at university, n.d.). This research paper is going to focus on the studies investigating the social premises causing the gender gap in maths and science involvement. Difference in the number of male and female individuals studying maths and science is a consequence of the continued normative social construction of gender, social prejudice ensured through, but noRead MoreGender Roles Of Men And Women Have Been Present In Society1418 Words   |  6 PagesGender roles of men and women have been present in society for a number of years, and the traditional roles have stuck through all the cultural changes. What about the people who do not identify themselves with their born gender but, instead another? How are they a ffected by how society sees them for not conforming to the traditional gender roles? Transgender people are faced with many judgements from their community based on how they identify themselves, their actions and how they express themselvesRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Female And Male Identity1720 Words   |  7 Pages The term gender refers to the social construction of female and male identity. It can be defined as more than biological differences between men and women. It includes the ways in which those differences, whether real or perceived, have been valued, used and relied upon to classify women and men and to assign roles and expectations to them. (Henslin, 2012). The significance of this is that the lives and experiences of women and men, including their experience of the legal system, occur withinRead MoreHow Emotions Can Be Conditioned And Affected By Social And Cultural Factors2944 Words   |  12 Pagesconditioned and affected by social and cultural factors, resulting in gender differences in emotional expression. Stereotypes about gender and emotion are pervasive, particularly the narrative of the over emotional woman and the unemotional man. Furthermore, specific emotions are associated with women and men (e.g. sadness and happiness are a woman’s domain, and anger and pride a re associated with men). To understand the present research and findings on the relationship between gender and emotion, it is necessary

Culture Is It Anyway, Culture, Values, Attitudes, And...

Culture has been defined as the knowledge, values, attitudes, and traditions that guide the behavior of a group of people and allow them to solve the problems of living in their environment. Beyond this standard definition, I believe that culture is a conglomeration of the things we adopt from our families, friends, peers, and other members of our community. As Reyes stated in her article â€Å"Whose culture is it anyway,† culture extends to all individuals, including those considered â€Å"of the norm† within their communities. Growing up in the rural small town of Red Wing, Minnesota, I was indeed considered â€Å"of the norm.† Red Wing’s community consists primarily of descendants of Northern European Christians (Caucasians). When my parents moved to Red Wing, they were welcome by the community and easily adapted, in part, due to their white skin and European heritage. In addition, finding a Scandinavian Lutheran Church, United Lutheran E.L.C.A. Church made them feel like Red Wing was home. The only determinants that separated my family from the majority of the Red Wing residents was our elevated socioeconomic status and the fact that no other relatives live in Red Wing. My mother is a chemistry professor at Southeast Technical College, while my father is one of the few pediatricians in town. As a small rural community, the majority of residents work primarily in blue-collar jobs, including factory jobs at the renowned Red Wing Shoes ®, Capital Safety, Tannery, or BIC plants.Show MoreRelatedAmerica: A Cultural Mosaic Essay933 Words   |  4 Pagesof different cultures, each one unique in its own respect. Culture; differentiate one societal group from another by identification beliefs, behaviors, language, traditions, Art, fashion styles, food, religion, politics, and economic systems. Through lifelong, ever changing processes of learning, creativity, and sharing culture shapes our patterns of behavior as well thinking. The Cult ure’s significance is so intense that it touches almost every aspect of who and what we are. Culture becomes the telescopeRead MoreA True Culture Shock Essays867 Words   |  4 Pagesof different cultures, each one unique in its own respect. Culture; differentiate one societal group from another by identification beliefs, behaviors, language, traditions, Art, fashion styles, food, religion, politics, and economic systems. Through lifelong and ever changing processes of learning, creativity, and sharing, culture shapes our patterns of behavior and thinking. A culture’s significance is so profound that it touches almost every aspect of who and what we are. Culture becomes the telescopeRead MoreHeritage Assessment1611 Words   |  7 PagesInfluence of Heritage on Current Culture Evaluation of how family subscribes to these traditions and practices is offered in detail, while offering insight and/or reflection.It is essential for nurses to provide culturally sensitive care to each and every patient in order to establish repor and maintain a safe working relationship with each individual. To provide culturally sensitive care to a nurses patient’s he or she must first assess their own beliefs, values, and culture at large. The nurse can doRead MoreDifferent Types Of Parenting Styles1495 Words   |  6 Pagesdefined as patterns of attitudes in how parents choose to express and communicate with their children. This paper will examine the different type of parenting styles as it relates to ethnicity and various cultures. What exactly is ethnicity and culture? The Oxford Dictionary defines ethnicity as â€Å"the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition.† Ethnic groups are individually different ba sed on their race, religion and, traditions. They can differ inRead MoreInterview A Manager At The Smun Eem Daycare On Penelakut Island1016 Words   |  5 Pagesmany things that were covered in our class that pertained to the job as being a manager at the Smun’eem daycare on Penelakut Island. Such as what a manager and management is in general, understanding what managers do on a daily basis, defining what culture is, covering what some of the problems the manager deals with, and what ethics is and what the code of ethics. First of all, I interviewed a manager of the Smun’eem Daycare on Penelakut Island. She has been the manager for 8 years and manages 8 staffRead MoreCultural External Conflicts1438 Words   |  6 PagesFeet of the Country,† and William Trevor’s â€Å"The Distant Past,† the conflicts are similar as they are both cultural external conflicts. These stories center on the basis of cultural conflict, which is a confrontation between groups of people whose values, beliefs, and and roles in society put them against each other. The conflict in the plot of Gordimer’s is an external conflict, â€Å"At last, it became clear that we would never get Petrus’s brother back, because nobody knew where he really was. SomewhereRead MoreHow Does the Presence of a Confucian Culture Affect the Operation of Democracy?1083 Words   |  5 Pagesundemocratic East Asian countries as they challenged the notion of demoratization and avocated â€Å"Asian Values†. Asian values refers to the strong traditional cultural values such as Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism which co-exists in East Asian societies. The purpose of this essay is to explore Confucian culture and how it may affect the operation of democracy in East Asia. Confucianism is tradition of political and social thought named after the scholar Kongzi (Confucius 551-479 B.C), it is stillRead MoreAnalysis Of David Bentley Hart s Christ s Rabble And The First Christians Were Not Like Us `` Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pagesthe first Christians had. While he did concede that modern Christian’s have come to understand this false idea as a â€Å"truism†, he points out that the original language and attitude of the first Christians towards wealthy is absolutely contrary to this. For instance, Hart points out that there are examples of this negative attitude toward the rich all throughout the gospels. Hart first points out the story in the synoptic Gospels of the rich man who was unable to join up with Jesus as an apostle becauseRead MoreAnalyzing The Article Microagressions On Parent Teacher Relationships And Write Down A Big Idea1731 Words   |  7 Pagesparagraph and a â€Å"big idea† paragraph, minimum. This quote is express my Big Idea: â€Å" In culturally responsive communication, both sides do not need to agree with each other on every point, but they are both committed to engaging in a dialogue that values different perspectives and builds a positive interpersonal; relationship† p.64 Reading this article, I tried to imagine myself in the place of each of the participants of the dialogue. As a teacher, I was thinking how to explain to a parent theRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Of The United States Marine Corps1602 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizational behavior, there is no better example of how dynamic it can be than the United States Marine Corps. Rich in its tradition and history, the United States Marine Corps has a robust structure, very unique culture, and a fervent passion that is almost indescribable as words will only fail to articulate what it means to be a Marine. This inevitable failure of an attempt will begin anyways, but in the hopes that some learning will occur, as we study what is the organizational behavior of the United States

Cytogenetics Several Hereditary Diseases

Question: Discuss about theCytogeneticsfor Several Hereditary Diseases. Answer: Introduction The abnormalities in the genetic formation of human beings can give rise to several hereditary diseases (Ettorre 2013). The alteration in the DNA sequence due mutation is mainly responsible for the genetic diseases. The mutation can be caused by the alteration can be of single-base mutation, where alteration occurs in just one gene. The alternation can also occur in multiple genes. The diagnosis of these genetic disorders occurs during the time right after birth or even after the many years. The muscular dystrophy is one of the most common forms of genetic disorder, where a child faces weakness while doing movement. Besides, muscular dystrophy, there are many other forms of muscular disorder that can occur due to the genetic disorders. A child can also face mental and physical developmental delay due to genetic disease like Down syndrome. In this study report, the analysis of a 5-year-old infant, who is suffering from weakness in the lower muscle and developmental delay, is done. The genetic disorder that the child is suffering is being identified with the result that is obtained from the molecular karyotyping. The ways the function of the gene is altered is also discussed by mentioning the changes that took place at the molecular DNA level. Concept of Cytogenetics and Molecular Karyotyping The cytogenetics is a special branch of the study of genetics, which deals with the structure and function of human chromosome. The G-banding is a special staining technique that is used to identify the structure of a chromosome within the cell (Hamerton 2013). With the help of the result of the G-banding, it is possible to discover the genetic disease. The change in the structure of a human chromosome can compromise the developmental process of a human. The abnormality in the formation of the chromosome can occur during the time of fetal development. The structural change within a chromosome can disrupt the function of the gene, which in turn can affect the process of synthesis and functioning of proteins. The cytogenetic analysis needs to perform in every new born baby to diagnosis if there is any genetic disease. The data that is obtained from the result of the cytogenetic analysis help in accurate diagnosis of a genetic disorder that a child is suffering. The molecular karyotyping is a biological technique that is able to detect a disorder in the sequence of the DNA. All the genetic disorders like developmental delay, congenital, autism and many more can be identified with the help of this technology (Stephanie et al. 2013). The base pair position of a DNA sequence is done with the support of the sequencing. If the base pair of chromosome 2 is number 1 and the last base pair is 243,199,373, then it indicates that the base of DNA in chromosome 2. In the band that is obtained from the experiment of molecular karyotyping the number 2 is the chromosome location within the band. 243 is the genomic position on chromosome 3 that is the first breakpoint and 373 is the genomic position of the end breakpoint. The position between the first and the end genomic point is deleted or duplicated due to the molecular mutation that leads to genetic disease (Patassini et al. 2013). Description of the DMD Gene The DMD is one of the major genes that is found in the human body has the information stored that is required for synthesis of the protein called dystrophin. This protein is located in the muscle cells and helps in the movement of the skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is also present in the nerve cells of the brain in negligible amount (Strmecki et al. 2014). The dystrophin protein is of rod-shaped that helps to connect the muscle fiber and cytoskeleton. The DMD gene covers 2.3 megabases and the locus at the X-chromosome is at Xp21, which consists of 0.08% of the human genome. The RNA that is transcribed from the DNA of the gene consists of 2100 kilobase, and the transcription process takes nearly 16 hours. The processed mRNA that is the end-product of the first transcript is of 14.0-kilo base (Dick et al. 2013). The dystrophin is a cohesive type of protein that helps to link the actin filaments of the protein that is present in the plasma of the muscle tissues. Hence the protein is able to get support from inside the surface of sarcolemma. The dystrophin also provides support to the fiber of the muscle and thereby help in the reducing the muscle stiffness. Gene Mapping of DMD Gene The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is an online database that is a catalog of all the genetic disease that occurs in human. This catalog is being regularly updated as new genetic diseases are being discovered. The phenotypes of the genetic diseases are also represented in the OMIM. The genetic disorders that have been recorded in the OMIM are recorded from over 15,000 genes. The link between the phenotype and genotype is also mentioned in the database (Omim.org, 2016). The database is one of the widely used sources for identifying the cause and symptoms related to a genetic disease. Hence, it can act as a reliable source of literature in the medical study and research. The gene browser is also an important database source that is used in the identification of genetic disorders. It uses the techniques of bioinformatics in order to graphically display the data that is obtained from the molecular karyotyping of a gene. The visual display mapping of the gene helps the researcher to identify the exact point of mutation within a gene. In the given case the UCSC gene browser is used, which is controlled by the University of California in Santa Cruz. This website helps to provide the gene mapping of the gene of several vertebrates and invertebrates. The website is graphically optimized in order to help the user to obtain faster and accurate result of the molecular karyotyping (Duan et al. 2014). The OMIM Allelic Variants that is obtained after molecular karyotyping of the given gene sequence is given below: OMIM Allelic Variants: 300473.0021 Adrenal Hypoplasia, Congenital OMIM: 300473: DSS-AHC critical region on the X chromosome, gene 1 Amino Acid Replacement: Tyr197Ter Position: chrX: 30308773-30308773 Band: Xp 21.2 Genomic Size: 1 (Anon, 2016) Hence, due to the depletion of the 92 kb gene sequence at the X chromosome at locus Xp21(32,699,367-32,791,566) the amino acid Tryptophan at the 197 position of the dystrophin protein is being replaced by a different amino acid that is coded using different codon. Therefore, due to the defect in the DMD gene at the above mentioned locus the child, in this case, is suffering from the Beckers muscular dystrophy and developmental delay. The method that was used in the gene mapping, in this case, included loading of the OMIM allelic variant file into the MySQL table that was obtained from the OMIM. The data that was obtained was identified using the corresponding genetic variants that are present in the database of the table. Disease Due to Defect in the DMD Gene Mutation is the prime cause of a genetic disease that occurs within human beings, which occurs due to the alternation or depletion in the sequence of the DNA. The size of the mutation can vary in size as they can affect a single block of DNA or even a large segment of a chromosome. The mutations within a gene can be of hereditary type, where the mutated gene is inherited from the parents (Gerstung et al. 2015). The DNA that is received by an offspring from the sperm and egg cells is already mutated. The child, thus born has a high chance of suffering from genetic disease. On the other hand, acquired mutation occurs during the lifetime of an individual, where changes in the DNA sequence occurs due to some external environmental agents like expose in UV rays of the sun or also due to errors in the process of DNA replication. Acquired mutations occur in the somatic cells and hence cannot be passed to the next generations. In this case, the five-year-old child is suffering from muscular dystrophy that is caused due to the mutation in the DMD gene is of heredity type as it is passed from the X chromosome (Stenson et al. 2014). There are more than 1000 types of mutation at the molecular level that can occur in the DMD gene. The defect in the DMD gene can cause weakness in the cardiac and skeletal muscle of the human body. This clinical condition is described as the muscular dystrophy that also can cause developmental delay in children. The muscles that are suffering from the muscular dystrophy can damage due to repeated contraction and relaxation of the muscle (Ishmukhametova et al. 2013). In order for the normal muscle to function properly, only 0.002% of the total muscle protein consists of dystrophin. Nevertheless, in case total absence of this protein, a person suffers from muscular dystrophy. In the case given, the 5-year-old child, who is having weakness in the lower limb muscle, is suffering from muscular dystrophy. The child may not be able to show the physical movement properly and also might have to depend on wheelchair for proper action. The mutation in the DMD gene can lead to synthesis of partially functioned protein and thereby lead to Beckers muscular dystrophy (BMD). This BMD is a type of X-linked recessive disorder. The symptoms of this disease include weakness in the muscle movement, muscle cramp, problem in breathing, cardiac trouble, elevated level of creatine kinase in blood and deformities in the skeleton and chest (Angelini 2014). As the disease is of X-linked recessive, the gene of this dystrophin protein is located on the X chromosome. As in case of female, there are two X chromosome present, if one of the X chromosomes is carrying the defective gene, the second X chromosome can provide the copy of the working gene. Hence, one X chromosome can provide the alternative for the detective chromosome. Therefore, muscular dystrophy occurs only in man as they have only one X chromosome. Females, who are the carrier of this defective gene, have 50% chance of passing this gene to the next generation. In case of son, the individual will be affected by the disease; on the other hand, if the individual is a daughter, she will be carrier of this defective gene. In case men, who are suffering from BMD will have daughter, who will be carrier of this disease. However, the sons will not inherit the gene for this disease. The chance of suffering from BMD is 1.5 in every 100,000 males. It is important for the person, who is af fected by BMD need to have genetic counseling before they are planning to have babies (Zong et al. 2015). Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is another major type of muscular dystrophy, where muscle of the upper legs and pelvis are poorly developed, and the patient is unable to show proper movement. Children, who are suffering from DMD is often seen to display neurological disorder, and other types of mental developmental delay as the dystrophin protein is an important constituent of the muscle tissues that are present in the brain. The child may also lose the ability to walk properly and take the help of wheelchair for proper movement (Yiu and Kornberg 2015). The gene that is responsible for the synthesis of the dystrophin gene consist of 79 exons and with the help of DNA testing, it is possible to identify the exact location of mutation in the gene of interest (Gil et al. 2013). Muscle biopsy can also be performed, where tissues muscle is extracted from the patient, and the immunochemistry test is performed with it. The positive result of the test will indicate that absence of the DMD protein. There is also the parental test that can be done for the diagnosis of muscular dystrophy. There is no permanent cure for the treatment of muscular dystrophy. Corticostriods such as the deflazacort and prednisolone can provide short-term relief by providing muscular strength. The beta2-agonists can also provide support to the movement of the muscle. Physical therapy is also one of the popular techniques to help the patients. The use of orthopedic appliances can also provide support to the movement of the child (Mendell et al. 2013). Conclusion In the given case, the 5-year-old child is showing the symptoms of weakness in the limbic muscle, and there is also the developmental delay is suffering from muscular dystrophy. This is a genetic disease that occurs due to the mutation in the X-chromosome at locus Xp21(32,699,367-32,791,566). The change in the DNA sequence has lead defect in the synthesis of the dystrophin protein that is an essential constituent of the skeleton muscle tissues. As this disease is passed from the X-chromosome, the child has inherited this disease from his mother. Moreover, the male infants have higher chance of suffering from this disease as they have only one X-chromosome present. Hence, in most case, the female are the carrier of this disease and males are the sufferer. The cytogenetics investigation with the help of molecular karyotyping technique is used to diagnosis of this disease. The online database of OMIM is used to refer the gene mapping that is obtained after molecular karyotyping. The UCSC online gene browser is utilized in this case for the diagnosis of this disease. In spite of the fact that is no permanent care for the muscular dystrophy, there are few techniques that can provide temporary relief by providing support to the muscle. Reference Angelini, C., 2014. Becker Muscular Dystrophy. InGenetic Neuromuscular Disorders(pp. 13-17). Springer International Publishing. Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgc?gsid=548173917_7bonpjleQ4j6NloFfHjNVHwX5APLc=chrXl=24900000r=37800000o=30308772t=30308773g=omimAvSnpi=300473.0021 [Accessed 18 Oct. 2016]. Dick, E., Kalra, S., Anderson, D., George, V., Ritso, M., Laval, S.H., Barresi, R., Aartsma-Rus, A., Lochmller, H. and Denning, C., 2013. Exon skipping and gene transfer restore dystrophin expression in human induced pluripotent stem cells-cardiomyocytes harboring DMD mutations.Stem cells and development,22(20), pp.2714-2724. Duan, Q., Flynn, C., Niepel, M., Hafner, M., Muhlich, J.L., Fernandez, N.F., Rouillard, A.D., Tan, C.M., Chen, E.Y., Golub, T.R. and Sorger, P.K., 2014. LINCS Canvas Browser: interactive web app to query, browse and interrogate LINCS L1000 gene expression signatures.Nucleic acids research, p.gku476. Ettorre, E., 2013.Reproductive genetics, gender and the body.Routledge. Gerstung, M., Pellagatti, A., Malcovati, L., Giagounidis, A., Della Porta, M.G., Jdersten, M., Dolatshad, H., Verma, A., Cross, N.C., Vyas, P. and Killick, S., 2015. Combining gene mutation with gene expression data improves outcome prediction in myelodysplastic syndromes.Nature communications,6. Gil, M.M., Quezada, M.S., Bregant, B., Ferraro, M. and Nicolaides, K.H., 2013. Implementation of maternal blood cell?free DNA testing in early screening for aneuploidies.Ultrasound in Obstetrics Gynecology,42(1), pp.34-40. Hamerton, J.L., 2013.Human Cytogenetics: Clinical Cytogenetics(Vol. 2). Academic Press. Ishmukhametova, A., Chen, J.M., Bernard, R., Massy, B., Baudat, F., Boyer, A., Mchin, D., Thorel, D., Chabrol, B., Vincent, M.C. and Khau Van Kien, P., 2013. Dissecting the structure and mechanism of a complex duplicationtriplication rearrangement in the DMD gene.Human mutation,34(8), pp.1080-1084. Mendell, J.R., Rodino?Klapac, L.R., Sahenk, Z., Roush, K., Bird, L., Lowes, L.P., Alfano, L., Gomez, A.M., Lewis, S., Kota, J. and Malik, V., 2013. Eteplirsen for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Annals of neurology,74(5), pp.637-647. Omim.org. (2016). About OMIM. [online] Available at: https://www.omim.org/about [Accessed 18 Oct. 2016]. Patassini, C., Garolla, A., Bottacin, A., Menegazzo, M., Speltra, E., Foresta, C. and Ferlin, A., 2013. Molecular karyotyping of human single sperm by array-comparative genomic hybridization.PloS one,8(4), p.e60922. Stenson, P.D., Mort, M., Ball, E.V., Shaw, K., Phillips, A.D. and Cooper, D.N., 2014. The Human Gene Mutation Database: building a comprehensive mutation repository for clinical and molecular genetics, diagnostic testing and personalized genomic medicine.Human genetics,133(1), pp.1-9. Stephanie, C.Y., Jiang, P., Choy, K.W., Chan, K.C.A., Won, H.S., Leung, W.C., Lau, E.T., Tang, M.H., Leung, T.Y., Lo, Y.M.D. and Chiu, R.W., 2013. Noninvasive prenatal molecular karyotyping from maternal plasma.PloS one,8(4), p.e60968. Strmecki, L., Hudler, P., Benedik-Dolni?ar, M. and Komel, R., 2014.De novo mutation in DMD gene in a patient with combined hemophilia A and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.International journal of hematology,99(2), pp.184-187. Yiu, E.M. and Kornberg, A.J., 2015. Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Journal of paediatrics and child health,51(8), pp.759-764. Zong, L., Guan, J., Ealy, M., Zhang, Q., Wang, D., Wang, H., Zhao, Y., Shen, Z., Campbell, C.A., Wang, F. and Yang, J., 2015. Mutations in apoptosis-inducing factor cause X-linked recessive auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder.Journal of medical genetics, pp.jmedgenet-2014.

The Jabidah Massacre Essay Example

The Jabidah Massacre Paper In 1963, the resource-rich territory of Sabah, which had been under British control since the late nineteenth-century, formally became part of the Federation of Malaysia. The Philippines, however, protested this, claiming that Sabah had never been sold to foreign interests, and that it had only been leased (padjak) by the Sulu Sultanate and therefore remained the property of the Sultan and by extension the property of Republic of the Philippines. This dispute led the-then Philippine presidents Diosdado Macapagal then later on Ferdinand Marcos to establish special military units tasked with fomenting dissent amongst Sabahs non-Malay ethnic groups, namely the Tausug and Sama, two groups closely aligned ethnically and culturally with Filipinos. The code-name of this destabilization programme was Operation Merdeka (Operation Freedom), with Manuel Syquio as project leader and then Maj. Eduardo Abdul Latif Martelino as operations officer. The object of this program was the annexation of Sabah to the Republic of the Philippines. The plan involved the recruitment of nearly 200 Tausug and Sama Muslims aged 18 to 30 from Sulu Province and Tawi-Tawi and their training in the island-town of Simunul in Tawi-Tawi. Simunul was where the Arab missionary Makhdum built the first mosque in the Philippines in the 13th century. The recruits felt giddy about the promise not only of a monthly allowance, but also over the prospect of eventually becoming a member of an elite unit in the Philippine Armed Forces. From August to December 1967, the young recruits underwent training in Simunul. The name of the commando unit was Jabidah. We will write a custom essay sample on The Jabidah Massacre specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Jabidah Massacre specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Jabidah Massacre specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer On 30 December 1967, 135 to 180 recruits boarded a Philippine Navy vessel for the island of Corregidor in Luzon for specialized training. This second phase of the training turned mutinous when the recruits discovered their true mission. It struck the recruits that the plan would mean not only fighting their brother Muslims in Sabah, but also possibly killing their own Tausug and Sama relatives living there. Additionally, the recruits had already begun to feel disgruntled over the non-payment of the promised mon thly stipend. The recruits then demanded to be returned home. Four decades later, an incident known as the Jabidah massacre, continues to haunt the Philippines. No-one is sure how many trainee soldiers, most of them Muslims, died when a plan to attack the Malaysian state of Sabah leaked out and authorities moved to destroy the evidence. The Jabidah massacre, also known as the Corregidor massacre, refers to an incident which occurred on the night of March 18, 1968 on the Philippine island of Corregidor. It was on this night that members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) massacred at least 28 Moro Muslim recruits under their supervision. The Jabidah Massacre is widely regarded as having been the catalyst behind the modern Moro insurgencies in the Southern Philippines. As the sole survivor later recounted, the plotters led the trainees out of their Corregidor barracks on the night of March 18, 1968 in batches of twelve. They were taken to a nearby airstrip. There, the plotters mowed the trainees down with gunfire. Jibin Arula, the survivor, said that he heard a series of shots and saw his colleagues fall. He ran towards a mountain and rolled off the edge on to the sea. He recalled clinging to a plank of wood and stayed afloat. By morning, fishers from nearby Cavite rescued him. The truth of the massacre took some time to emerge. In March 1968 Moro students in Manila held a week long protest vigil over an empty coffin marked ‘Jabidah’ in front of the presidential palace. They claimed â€Å"at least 28† Moro army recruits had been murdered. Court-martial proceedings were brought against twenty-three military personnel involved. There was a firestorm in the Philippine press, attacking not so much the soldiers involved, but the culpability of a government administration that would ferment such a plot, and then seek to cover it up by wholesale murder. The matter even made its way to the Supreme Court in 1970, on a preliminary issue. Although the exact number of deaths still continues to vary depending upon the source of the reference, there is no denial of the fact that Corregidor was host to a massacre on that night. Comments and Analysis In March 1968 Moro students in Manila held a week long protest vigil over an empty coffin marked ‘Jabidah’ in front of the presidential palace. They claimed â€Å"at least 28† Moro army recruits had been murdered. Court-martial proceedings were brought against twenty-three military personnel involved. There was also a firestorm in the Philippine press, attacking not so much the soldiers involved, but the culpability of a government administration that would foment such a plot, and then seek to cover it up by wholesale murder. The plan of Ferdinand Marcos was failed because of the leaked happened. The members of the Jabidah do not want to continue the fight in Sabah because they were deprived of having promised monthly stipend. They were also dismayed because they discovered the true intention of the regime Marcos. The member of the Jabidah does not want to fight their Muslim brothers like Tausug and Maranao. The plan of Marcos was destroyed and unsuccessful so he ordered his military personnel to kill all the members of the Jabidah. It is not right to kill innocent people. Those people who were killed are not aware on the true mission of Marcos. Because of what Marcos did, many of our Muslim brothers wants to revenge on what happened in Jabidah massacre or in other words the Corregidor Massacre. There are Muslims who made a group that will fight the government for the wrong things they have done to our Filipino people. The main legacy of the Jabidah massacre was the crystallization of Moro discontent and the subsequent formation of the Moro National Liberation Front and, later, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. Because what President Marcos done, the insurgency in our country increased, from that tragedy the Moro National Liberation Front was established and wants to fight the government and to separate the land for muslims only. Killing our co-Filipino is not a moral activity instead of killing other why we should help one another for the betterment of our country. Instead of decreasing insurgencies in our country, it become larger and larger and until now we can’t stop the insurgencies in our country because of wrong doings of our government. The justice for the people who died in Jabidah massacre was not given attention. After years past, the cased was disappeared and nothing happened. No right justice for those people who died in the massacre. Philippine justice system and no real punishment was ever handed-down to the accused. References http://www.corregidor.org/heritage_battalion/jabidah.html